Description:

公元 $2044$ 年，人类进入了宇宙纪元。

L 国有 $n$ 个星球，还有 $n-1$ 条双向航道，每条航道建立在两个星球之间，这 $n-1$ 条航道连通了 $L$ 国的所有星球。

小 P 掌管一家物流公司， 该公司有很多个运输计划，每个运输计划形如：有一艘物流飞船需要从 $u_i$ 号星球沿最快的宇航路径飞行到 $v_i$ 号星球去。显然，飞船驶过一条航道是需要时间的，对于航道 $j$，任意飞船驶过它所花费的时间为 $t_j$，并且任意两艘飞船之间不会产生任何干扰。

为了鼓励科技创新， $L$ 国国王同意小 $P$ 的物流公司参与 $L$ 国的航道建设，即允许小$P$ 把某一条航道改造成虫洞，飞船驶过虫洞不消耗时间。

在虫洞的建设完成前小 P 的物流公司就预接了 $m$ 个运输计划。在虫洞建设完成后，这 $m$ 个运输计划会同时开始，所有飞船一起出发。当这 $m$ 个运输计划都完成时，小 $P$ 的物流公司的阶段性工作就完成了。

如果小 $P$ 可以自由选择将哪一条航道改造成虫洞， 试求出小 $P$ 的物流公司完成阶段性工作所需要的最短时间是多少？

Description:

Being well known for its highly innovative products, Merck would definitely be a good target for industrial espionage. To protect its brand-new research and development facility the company has installed the latest system of surveillance robots patrolling the area. These robots move along the walls of the facility and report suspicious observations to the central security office. The only flaw in the system a competitor抯 agent could find is the fact that the robots radio their movements unencrypted. Not being able to find out more, the agent wants to use that information to calculate the exact size of the area occupied by the new facility. It is public knowledge that all the corners of the building are situated on a rectangular grid and that only straight walls are used. Figure 1 shows the course of a robot around an example area.

Figure 1: Example area.

You are hired to write a program that calculates the area occupied by the new facility from the movements of a robot along its walls. You can assume that this area is a polygon with corners on a rectangular grid. However, your boss insists that you use a formula he is so proud to have found somewhere. The formula relates the number I of grid points inside the polygon, the number E of grid points on the edges, and the total area A of the polygon. Unfortunately, you have lost the sheet on which he had written down that simple formula for you, so your first task is to find the formula yourself.